Customer Lifetime Value (LTV)
The gross profit one customer generates before they churn.
Your numbers
Results
How it works
LTV = ARPU × gross margin ÷ monthly churn rate.
The intuition: 1 ÷ churn is the average number of months a customer sticks around, and ARPU × margin is what each of those months is actually worth to you. Multiply them and you get the profit a customer delivers over their whole life.
The classic mistake is skipping the margin and using raw revenue — that inflates LTV and makes ugly unit economics look fundable. The second classic mistake is using an optimistic churn number from your best month. Use a trailing average, and use gross profit, always.
Worked example
A customer pays $50/month at an 80% gross margin, and 3% of customers churn each month. Average lifetime = 1 ÷ 0.03 ≈ 33 months. Monthly profit = $50 × 0.80 = $40. LTV = $40 × 33.3 ≈ $1,333. Using revenue instead of profit would have claimed $1,667 — a 25% overstatement.